The aim of this article is to show golfers a different perspective of what their everyday golf course can be using specific examples from the state of Florida. Those that aren't familiar with changes golf courses make, renovations, architecture, or the industry as a whole, can learn the potential some courses have and why changes are made. It can open their eyes to see things or envision ideas that they didn't think of before, by looking at the examples presented in this research paper to see what specific changes courses made and how they capitalized on these changes given what they had before hand. A lot of golfers get attached to their golf course that has boring holes, but since they have memories on each one, it is very hard for them to envision creating different memories on different golf holes where others lied before. A lot of courses have a deep history or potential that their everyday golfers aren't aware of, so the golfers are left blind to vision the possible environment their facility can have. If more golfers are opened up to this vision and reality, word of mouth and ideas can spread fast and the quality of golf courses the public play each day will continue to get better. Enjoy.
Colby Norton
Natural Lines Golf
With the largest number of golf courses and posted scores by golfers, it's safe the say that Florida produces the most "golf" out of any state in the country. Then why doesn't it produce the best golf? For one thing, the land isn't very suitable for golf. There is however, parts of Florida that are made up of sand ridges that produce elevation change and good soil for golf near the ocean or other water bodies. Objectively speaking, most of Florida is flat, doesn't drain well, and doesn't have the character like the undulating courses of the northeast or west coast. In addition to the state's topography, the business model that came to Florida of creating golf holes within a residential community is another flaw. Many residents of Florida came here to retire. When they move, they aspire to be part of a community with people that have the same hobbies, like golf. Most courses now are surrounded by houses and lakes where golfers can lose slews of balls - one of the most unsatisfying things for a golfer to experience. How can we ever grow the game that way?
Around 25% of Florida's golf courses are private. This automatically limits public and newer golfers when searching for a nice and open property for them to enjoy the game. Luckily, there are a select few, and we are going to highlight them here. There are (1) some that have the possibility for a golden age restoration of a 1920s - 1930s design by some of the world's greatest architects, (2) some that have already gone the extra mile and completed renovations already, and (3) some newer courses with no housing in sight, but a lack in quality golf course design.
*Please note that this research does not include resort golf courses like Cabot or Streamsong.
A municipal, golden age golf course in Florida by one of the greatest architects of all time, and the original holes are no longer distinguishable. The last work of the course was carried out by William Amick. A relatively flat piece of land but with a lot of potential given that Crane Creek runs from Northwest to Southeast on a section of the property. Small palm trees were planted over time to line the fairways, taking away from the potential openness of the property that many Florida public golf courses don’t have. Almost all of Ross’ work is gone. The clubhouse and driving range were moved in 1978 to create room for new holes and most of the Ross holes got re-routed, par 3's were lost, and water was added.
Crane Creek is a short course, playing 5600 yards with three “par fives,” all playing under 465 yards, four par 3’s, and eleven par 4’s, all playing less than 375 yards. That is a fair amount of short holes and driveable par 4’s. Can this land be used to attract golfers in a different way while keeping Ross' architecture in tact? A nine hole course with a short course and putting course comes to mind. Or better yet, find a way to bring all of Ross' eighteen holes back to life.
Crank Creek Reserve Golf Course, Melbourne, FL - Nov 15th 2025 (Google Earth)
Donald Ross' 1926 Plan for what was Melbourne Golf and CC. Courtesy of Tufts Archives
Crane Creek Reserve has this potential if it is decided to give the facility the adequate funding. This would give Melbourne's citizens something other cities and towns have thrived from as a result of renovating their municipal golf courses. Melbourne is expanding and is a city where people are migrating to based on the location and cost of living. Since 2011, Melbourne has seen a positive increase in population each year, increasing by over 10,000 people from 2011-2023. Melbourne also ranks 6th in best places to call home in Florida, and potential residents are coming to see why. Crane Creek can be a premier community hangout - just like the culture at The Park in West Palm Beach - and the demand is there. The big question lies: will the city approve a restoration of Ross' work while creating a fun and welcoming place for new and all golfers? It would be quite the undertaking, requiring a full course restoration given the relocation of holes, water, and possibly the driving range.
Possibly the best and most interesting piece of land in this article, a links-like routing that lies directly on Lake Worth. This par 71, 6,011 yard golf course has three par 3's. Who knew that Florida would have a potential public Langford and Moreau course? Only thirteen of the holes would be restorable from their design (only nine were built) as the rest of their holes were designed to be South of Lake Avenue. With that being said, this would be something Florida hasn't seen if part of their design plans were incorporated and brought back in the routing. LWBGC is located just nine minutes from the popular West Palm Beach course "The Park" - the course in Florida that just may have the largest public golf landscape impact - and this location might actually be a good thing. Finding a tee time at The Park is extremely challenging unless you book well in advance, and not to mention the price for one round can get very high, even for residents. If LWBGC restores some Langford and Moreau features, they may see a decent amount of spillover from The Park along with more consumers coming to see high quality golf right down the road where a lot of golfers learned how to play the game.
Front 9 (South) at Lake Worth Beach Golf Club, Lake Worth Beach, FL - March 2nd, 2025 (Google Earth)
Back 9 (North) at Lake Worth Beach Golf Club, Lake Worth Beach, FL - March 2nd, 2025 (Google Earth)
A place where Miami residents who love the game can experience a place that boasts the history of it, with a golden age design by one of the greatest duos of all time. Miami's oldest golf course and former host of The Miami Open, Miami Springs has hosted the likes of Walter Hagen, Sam Snead, Gene Sarazen, and Byron Nelson. This property is yet another public course with a great water feature that runs through a part of the property, the South Side Canal. Based on a 1938 aerial, the addition of the driving range rerouted some of Langford and Moreau's holes, but the land of the new holes is much better and brings the canal more into play. There is still plenty of room to bring back their original work. Some of the holes looked very bold, unique, and would stand out in the public golf scene of Florida. The original layout appears like it included Langford and Moreau's usual deep and bold bunkers, mounding, and elevation that does not exist today, but is very possible to bring back given the amount of land.
Miami Springs Golf and Country Club, Miami Springs, FL - March 7th, 2025 (Google Earth)
Aerial view of Miami Springs Golf and Country Club in 1938 Source: University of Florida Digital Collections & U.S Department of Agriculture
With Ross' death in April 1948 and the course opening in 1953, the prominent architect was obviously not on site during construction. However, most of his routing that he planned is still in tact other than four holes due to housing developments and the fact that these holes were added after the building of the original thirteen holes. Looking at the original plan, today's present par 4 15th, which plays over a creek, was planned to be a long par par 3 playing East. Next to the green now lies the tee box for the par 3 5th, which replaces the planned par 5 16th which was designed to be played over a creek on the approach, a very strong hole. The very sharp dog-leg left 6th, a par 5, replaces the planned dog-leg left par 4 17th. The par 4 8th lies on similar ground to the planned 13th, but has a slight dog-leg to the right rather than the planned left.
These are some of the major differences compared to Ross' planning on his map. Additionally, Ross planned for uniquely shaped greens along with the placement and shaping of the bunkers. Bobby Weed did the latest renovations in 2006, making the golf course much more interesting than it was before but did not go for the full Ross restoration. The property has plenty of allure with ravines, creeks, and ponds that can be cleaned up and used to add interest and uniqueness while improving drainage to some of the holes.
New Smyrna Golf Club, New Smryna Beach, FL - August 17th, 2024 (Google Earth)
New Smyrna Golf Club 1948 Routing. New Smyrna Beach News November 12, 1948. Courtesy of Florida Historic Golf Trail.
Located in the heart of Daytona, this 36-hole facility stands out on the map as a big open property, silimar to a city park. This characteristic is seen throughout the great golf courses of America and around the world - open space for the public to enjoy the recreational game and sport of golf. A culture that puts golf, people, and the community first. Daytona Beach Golf Club has the chance to elevate this theme to a whole new level if they restore the Donald Ross roots of the South course while enhancing the playability of the North. With a property and the history it has in a city like Daytona Beach, the possibities to grow the game here are endless. The South Course is currently a 6,229 yard par 71. The routing is mostly in tact except for that three of Ross' original holes lied where condos and the present day clubhouse now lie.
The three holes that took the place of those are the ones that are North of Wilder Blvd. The old 4th green also lied across the road, now it plays shorter to a green before it, although the old green still exists today as a short game area. Ponds were added over time, bunkers removed, and green shrunk, which have taken the original Ross character and playability out of the routing. The land and history is still there, providing an ample opportunity for the city to capitalize on for the community to enjoy. Like many facilities we are seeing across the country, there is endless possibilities to convert the North course to 9-holes and using the rest of the space for a driving range, short course, or putting course. There are very few public golf facilities that have the opprotunity that Daytona Beach Golf Club has, and with the right amount of thought, work, and funding, this property can turn into one of the great public golf facilities of the South.
Daytona Beach Golf Club (Ross' South in the red), Daytona Beach, FL - August 17th, 2024 (Google Earth)
Indian Hills Golf Course - Herbert Strong (1942), Ward Northupp (2005)- Fort Pierce
Owned by the City of Fort Pierce, Indian Hills is a 1942 Herbert Strong design with renovations by Ward Northupp in 2005 and stretches to 6,500 yards as a par 72. Located on sandy soil West of the Indian River from a sand ridge that runs along the Atlantic Coast and Indian River, this is prime golfing land. Other courses on similar land that run along this ridge include McArthur, The Park, Jupiter Hills, John's Island West and Medalist. Unfortunately, the sandy hollows and hills that lie throughout the course are hidden by trees or covered over by grass, making the recreational golfer to miss out on beautiful land that private members get to experience on similar land elsewhere. Also, the latest work most likely created more work during construction, which means more money was spent and dirt was moved or brought in on a good piece of golfing land instead of finding the hills and natural contours of the routing. Not much changed from the original Herbert Strong design until the city decided to put millions into changes. It essentially turned into a brand new golf course where all beautiful natural sand features got covered by grass and the quirky and unique layout disappeared. Will the city have to put millions into another golf course renovation for Indian Hills? After the spending on the renovation in 2005, it will take a lot of work to bring back a lot of Strong's design and bring out the natural features of the land.
Indian Hills Golf Course, Fort Pierce, FL March 18th, 2025 (Google Earth)
Indian Hills Golf Course, Fort Pierce, FL March 18th, 1994 (Google Earth). Notice the natural sand dudes showing, as well as the sandy native area in the southeast part of the property that later got covered up by boring, tree-lined holes.
Owned and operated by the city of Tarpon Springs and an hour northwest of Tampa, Tarpon Springs Golf Course plays 6,100 yards as a par 72. The course has some firm sandy soil and has more land movement compared to most Florida tracks. This is a great opportunity for Florida golfers to play a Styles & Van Kleek course, as much of their work was done in the northeast. Hooper, Woods Hole, Olde Salem Greens, and Taconic are all on severe and hilly pieces of property, opposite of normal Florida ground. Seeing their work on a rather less interesting piece of land can tell us golfers a lot about their design abilities. Finding an original map or aerial of the course was difficult to find, but the same routing has been untouched as early as 1995.
Tarpon Springs Golf Course, Tarpon Springs, FL - Feb. 23rd 2025 (Google Earth)
A 1929 Herbert Strong design with a Perry Maxwell renovation which included seven greens in 1940, a Florida public golfer can experience the best of golden age golf course architecture from some of the best to ever do it. Located right outside of Tampa, if proper work is done to the property to bring back its original charm from post Maxwell's work, a whole lot of public golfers can be exposed to great golf course design. Many unique features about this property such as the Stevenson Creek which winds throughout the routing, play an intricate part of the design. Trees and bushes make the creek unappealing and not visible, but with a little TLC, drainage can improve throughout the property and the great natural feature can be revealed. Railroad tracks which have been there since the inception of the golf course cut through the property, creating a new experience and the chance to capitalize in terms of marketing and logos for this Florida course. In a 1957 aerial, there were less trees and more open space especially around the holes that played near the creek.
Clearwater Country Club, Clearwater, FL - Feb 23rd, 2025 (Google Earth)
Hollywood Beach Golf Club - Miami, FL - 2026 Renovation by Richard Mandell on a 1923 Willie Park Jr., Charles Olsen, Wally & Lee Nelson design.
Located in the very popular spring break destination, Fort Lauderdale, golf architect Richard Mandell brought to life what the golfers in the city needed. Mandell found in his studies of the course that Willie Park Jr. had a hand in how the design was carried out, and he used the original plan to guide his renovation work. Mandell opened up corridors, expanded lakes to raise the flood-prone areas, renovated all bunkers, tees, and greens, and even added some internal contours to add interest. You can see some Willie Park Jr. inspiration with the chocolate drop mounding you see on a lot of his designs. With a new facility including the clubhouse, and creating better playability with contours that come into play because of the new drainage, Hollywood Beach Golf Club has become a great venue to attract the local golfers of Fort Lauderdale as well as those that travel to see good golf.
Hollywood Beach Golf Club 2/16/2024
Hollywood Beach Golf Club 11/17/2025
Miami Lakes Golf Club - Miami, FL - 2026 Renovation by Bruce Hepner on a 1962 Bill Watts design
One of the most notarized renovations in the country, this privately owned public track use to be the home of golf for many of Miami's famous celebrities and athletes. With years of neglect and going away from this popularity, Miami Lakes is now where it used to be but better than ever. The course now gives the opportunity for the public golfers of Miami to experience golden age golf course playability and architecture. Hepner did his renovation with inspiration to William Flynn, Seth Raynor and Langford & Moreau as they did work in Florida in the 1930's where most of their designs are no longer in tact. He also solved important flooding issues as the low points of the back nine were two feet below the water table, so he raised those two to three feet with dirt from around the greens and dredged the lakes to make them deeper and using that soil to raise the land and shape features. Now, the fairways are wide and even though it looks like there is a lot of water, it takes a really big miss to lose a ball, where before water would stare you right in the face on most holes. Miami Lakes now has a more playable, thoughtfully designed course with inspiration from the greats, while having the infrastructure to stand the test of time. Not to mention, it now measures over 7,000 yards giving it the ability to host some major local events in Florida.
Miami Lakes Golf Club 3/19/2024
Miami Lakes Golf Club 11/1/2025
The West Palm Beach Golf Park - West Palm Beach, FL - 2021 Gil Hanse and Jim Wagner redesign on a 1947 Dick Wilson design
The public golf project that serves as the basis for how cities and towns can use the land their public courses sits on to have a positive impact on the community. One of the best things The Park does is having an ease of access for anyone to come out to use the putting course and chipping area - a great start for anyone looking to practice for free who is new to the game. From there, they can then go to the Toptracer range and even play the par three course for $30. It is a great hangout spot for families, new golfers, or even the scratch players and professionals to practice and have fun. The bar is easy access for everyone as it sits right by the putting and par three course for those who wish to indulge in a beverage while playing. The course itself is still pricey to play, even for Florida residents as during peak season their dynamic pricing is between $200-$350 for a round. During summers, even for residents, it can run golfers $130. An aspect I do love is that the course is walking only before 10:00am, this keeps the course in good shape for the rest of the play in the afternoon and it promotes exercise.
Caddies are required before 9:00am which is instrumental for the community as this opens up great opportunities for youngsters in the area to have a great job and meet people. Only those willing to spend that money for both the round and caddie will play, but it gives public golfers the ability to have a private course experience if they wish, and golfers will travel for that experience. Not to mention, the game is being played on one of the best courses in the state, designed by one of the best architects. These morning tee times I can imagine, get picked up by travelers, or golfers part of private clubs in the area that are looking for a new course to play. Although the pricing is high to play the 18 hole course for a place that promotes "open golf", they do dynamic pricing for tee times which is based off of demand, and demand is always high. This means the course has a great product that even the rich are willing ditch a day of golf at their private club in the area, or travel far, so they can indulge in this experience. The Park still offers many golf amenities that anyone can enjoy even if they can't grab a tee time or aren't willing to pay the high price. It stands as a role model for public and municipal facilities not just in Florida, but the country. What other cities will need that The Park had, are investors with a great vision that will help raise money like Dirk Ziff, Tom Frankel, Seth Waugh, and Dan Stanton did. One day, all golfers will hope this similar landscape and environment will be replicated in their area, but hopefully with a lower price tag to play 18.
The Park 12/17/2018
The Park In Present Day
Jacksonville Beach Golf Club - Robert Walker (1987), Harrison Minchew Renovation (2019)
Another rare example of an open, non-residential public golf course near a major city in Florida. Minchew came through, added new tees, and created brand new greens with short grass around them to give more variety for short shots around the greens. Some holes were redesigned entirely to avoid forced carries over water that would penalize only the higher handicap. A light up driving range and a 35,000 square foot putting course adds to the fun and the ability to create an environment to grow the game of golf in a major city.
Jacksonville Beach Golf Club 2017
Jacksonville Beach Golf Club 3/13/2025
Normandy Shores Golf Course- William Flynn & Howard Toomy (1941), Arthur Hills (2007 Redesign)
Normandy Shores is a great example of what a thoughtful renovation/restoration can bring to a golf course facility. $9 million was spent in 2007 to bring Normandy back to its glory after there were changes in the past to Flynn's original design. The course remains the same and in great shape since 2007. Flynn's routing and character is now back in tact, with a couple differences such as lakes instead of creeks or streams from Flynn's 1936 plan, that were added in the past to combat drainage issues. A spectacular property with open corridors, Flynn character, and enough contours, give the public the ability to have a unique golf experience in Florida. If the full Flynn design could be restored, and creeks put back into play, it will make this place even better.
Normandy Shores 3/1/2006
Normandy Shores 3/7/2025
Pompano Beach Pines Course - 2013 Greg Norman redesign
Although Pompano Beach doesn't boast the history that a lot of the courses on this list possess, it does have an exceptionally large property with the potential to be a great 36-hole public golf facility. The Pines course stretches to over 7,100 yards and is routed along the boarder of the property (as seen by the darker green turf in the 2025 aerial below). If the Palms course, which lies in the middle of the property, can get a facelift with golden age architectural features that are more unique than the modern design of the Pines, Pomapano Beach can become a public golf hotspot in Florida. The course also seems to posess some sandy soil, giving numerous possabilites to create something special.
Pompano Beach (Pines) 1/5/2021
Pompano Beach (Pines) 11/17/2025
Bobby Jones Golf Club Ross Course - Donald Ross 1925, Richard Mandell Restoration (2023)
The popular and growing city of Sarasota now has a true golf attraction for it's community to come enjoy. Mandell was able to fully restore Ross' original course as it was in the 1920's since all the land was still there. The course was reduced from 45 holes, to the restored Ross 18, a par 3 course, and giant practice facilities for the public to come improve their game and get them onto the golf course. This similar process and idea can be replicated across the country to grow the game. Improve the most precious asset being a historical golf course, and convert the rest of the land you have to help grow the game. This will eventually get begginers onto the bigger course by utilizing the par 3 course and practice facilites before hand to create that spark and interest. The remaining land is now used as conservation and is open to the public. This structure, if used correctly, can help other facilties around the country get approval for renovations, and save the courses money in the long-run.
Bobby Jones Golf Club (Ross) 3/1/2020
Bobby Jones Golf Club (Ross) 3/15/2025
Hyde Park Golf Course - Ongoing work by Jay Smith on a 1925 Stanley Thompson design.
Work is still in progress as the restoration work is being carried out in phases. Green and bunkers will be restored and trees will be cleared and turned into native areas. On this sandy and undulating Florida site that has tremendous potential, Hyde Park can turn into a golfer attraction if restored to the great Canadian golf architects original design.
Hyde Park Golf Course 1/14/2021
Hyde Park Golf Course 3/23/2025
Dunedin Golf Course - Donald Ross (1927), Kris Spence Restoration (2025)
A striking example of how a city can bring the history of the game to its community. A full $6 million restoration with a Ross expert in charge gave the public full access to a true Ross golf course in Florida. So good, that it won the 2025 Public Golf Course Renovation of the Year by Golf Inc. Magazine. If other cities in Florida take advantage of an opportunity like the City of Dunedin did, they will have a prized asset for their town to enjoy recreation golf on a historic property. Dunedin can easily be the best course and restoration on this list, as you can see below by just looking from above. Distinctive features are found throughout, especially in the bunkering and greens. The green shapes and sizes give ample room for different pin locations - a common Ross design trait. Every hole having its own unique character making it enjoyable for any golfer.
Dunedin Golf Course 2/2/2024
Dunedin Golf Course 2/23/2025
Delray Beach Golf Club - Ongoing work to be finished in 2026 - A $27 million renovation by architect John Sanford on a 1926 Donald Ross, 1948 Dick Wilson and 1962 Robert Lawrence.
Located in popular Delray Beach, this used to be a 27-hole facility with one nine by Ross, one by Wilson, and eventually one by Lawerence. Today, the Wilson and Ross holes still remain. All of Ross' routing on his plan still remain. Ross had another nine planned, which was on the land that Lawrence built on (East of Wilson's nine). However, there is plenty of room on the existing Wilson nine that can be used to replicate some of Ross' planned holes that he used on his proposed back nine. Will these types of changes go into this $27 million renovation?
Looking at the masterplan created by Sanford Golf Design, their work will restore Wilson's nine and also Ross'. Not all bunkers will be restored, but most of the greens in the plan seem to match the original greens based on Ross' plan for his nine. What looks great on the plan is bringing out the sandy soil with waste area features in key areas of the course.
DBCC has potential to become a championship level golf course with a chance at reviving some of Ross' lost work that was never able to come to life. It stretches over 6,900 yards with sandy soil and great draining features that will allow for great playing conditions. Hopefully the restoration work will live up to the standards that Ross and Wilson intended it to.
Delray Beach Golf Club, Delray Beach, FL - March 7th, 2025 (Google Earth)
Donald Ross' 1925 Plan. Courtesy of Tufts Archives
Spessard Holland at Melbourne Beach - Arnold Palmer (1977) & The Habitat Golf Course - Charles Ankrom (1991)
Cocoa Beach Country Club - Charles Ankrom
Sailfish Sands Golf Course - John Sanford (reversible 9), Ron Garl (Sailfish 18)
The Shores of North River Golf Club - Arthur Young (1977)
Eglin Golf Course (NLE)
Sand Ridge Golf Club Dunes (1987) & Lakes (1992) - Ron Garl
Fairwinds Golf Course - Jim Fazio (1991)
Orangebrook Golf and CC (Rees Jones set to renovate)
Greynolds Golf Course - Mark Mahnnah (1964)
City of Lauderhill Golf Course (par 3)
Pompano Beach Palms Course - Bruce Devlin and Robert von Hagge (1960)
Links at Boynton Beach - Robert Von Hagge & Bruce Devlin (1984)
Park Ridge Golf Course - Roy Case (2007)
Okeeheelee Golf Course - Roy Case (1995)
The Saints at Port St Lucie Golf Course - David Wallace (1961)
Rockledge Country Club - George Wilson (1924)
Sandhill Golf Course in DeLand (NLE) - Dave Wallace (1968)
Riviera CC (Ormond Beach *private) - Mark Mahana (1954) & Dave Wallace (1967)
Blue Sky Golf Club - Arnold Palmer (1990)
Blue Cypress Golf Club
Manatee Cove Golf Course - Robert Trent Jones Sr. (1961)
Signal Hill Golf Course - John Sherman (1962)
Majette Park (NLE)
The Landings - Ron Garl (1970)
Largo Golf Course (pitch and putt)
The Tides Golf Club (NLE)
Mangrove Bay golf Course - William Amick (1977)
Rocky Point Golf Course
Rogers Park Golf Course - Willie Black(1952)
USF Golf Center (NLE)
River Run Golf Links - Ward Northrup (1987)
Buffalo Creek Golf Course - Ron Garl (1988)
Manatee County Golf Course - Ron Garl (1988)
Tatum Ridge Golf Links - Ted McAnlis - (1989)
Willowbrook Golf Course - David Wallace (1967)
Mount Dora Golf Club - Cliff Deming, front-9 (1946), Harold Paddock, back-9 (1959)
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